Meaning, types, and characteristics, positivism and post-positivistic approach to research.
MoSPI released a detailed Sources and Methods publication explaining the data sources and methodology used to compile India’s national accounts.
SEMICON India 2026 unveiled a Semicon 2.0 roadmap covering semiconductor design, manufacturing, advanced packaging, research and talent.
ICMR’s S.H.I.N.E. 2026 connected school students with research laboratories and encouraged them to formulate and present research questions.
Bharat Innovates Exposition 2026 showcased Indian research, innovation and technology in New Delhi alongside the BRICS programme.
NSO released first-ever district-level estimates for the unincorporated non-agricultural sector, providing more granular information on small-scale economic activity.
MoSPI held a workshop on harmonising administrative data so information generated by different government systems can be used more reliably for evidence-based governance.
All six Semicon 2.0 pillar notifications were issued, while India reported reaching 85,000 semiconductor engineers trained in four years.
ICMR's S.H.I.N.E. 2026 opened research institutions to around 30,000 school students across 83 locations.
A parliamentary science committee reviewed CSIR-CSIO and CSIR-IGIB and examined research performance, infrastructure and institutional functioning.
Defence Ministry approved transfer of DRDO-developed conventional missile technologies to Indian industry for domestic production.
A Bill proposed replacing the 1959 ISI law with a new statutory structure centred on a Board of Governors and academic governance bodies.
The proposed ISI law creates separate policy, academic, finance and management bodies for the institute.
Cabinet approved Semicon 2.0 with an outlay of Rs 1,27,500 crore to deepen India's semiconductor design and manufacturing ecosystem.
Semicon 2.0 explicitly includes semiconductor education and workforce development alongside design, manufacturing and research.
Semicon 2.0 explicitly links semiconductor research, industrial production and workforce development into one national ecosystem.
India and New Zealand signed agreements covering maritime sectors, disaster risk, Antarctic research, academic exchanges and student mobility.
India and Japan adopted an economic-security declaration and agreements covering semiconductors, critical minerals, AI, clean energy, health and research.
India and Japan included AI policy, large-language-model cooperation and internet security in their July summit outcomes.
NITI Aayog released a strategic roadmap for making Ayurveda more globally accessible through research, standards, education and international cooperation.
Indian astrophysicists reported new findings on the thermal evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and their effects on Earth.
The government reported that the National Quantum Mission had achieved more than half of its targeted outcomes within three years of its 2023 launch.
A June science review highlighted growth in India's bioeconomy, weather-observation capacity, space startups and applied research as development enablers.
Bharat Innovates 2026 brought Indian innovators, higher-education institutions and investors together around deep-tech sectors including computing, semiconductors, space and biotechnology.
India highlighted rapid growth of private space activity, including more than 400 startups and new funding mechanisms for innovation and technology adoption.
Science academies from BRICS and partner countries discussed shared computing, open data, multilingual AI and responsible AI for sustainable development.
India and France adopted a roadmap covering critical technologies, innovation, research and talent mobility, alongside cooperation in AI, digital science and skilling.
India and Seychelles signed agreements covering diplomatic training, digital payments, agriculture research and education, seafarer training, space cooperation and infrastructure finance.
India and Slovakia elevated bilateral relations and signed agreements spanning higher education, research, digital technology and quantum communication.
ANRF and the Ministry of Jal Shakti launched a Rs 200 crore mission to move water-sector research from technology development to field validation and deployment.
India, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden held the Third India-Nordic Summit in Oslo.
The Third India-Nordic Summit placed AI, space, innovation, research, climate and environmental cooperation alongside trade and defence.
International Day of Light on 16 May highlighted the role of light science and technology in research, communication and everyday life.
Cabinet approved a Rs 5,659.22 crore Mission for Cotton Productivity to raise yields and strengthen India's cotton sector.
WHO issued updated malaria-treatment guidance covering newborns and young infants, an age group with major diagnostic and treatment challenges.
A national healthcare summit focused on innovation, digital technologies and more inclusive access to health services.
April policy discussion highlighted India's Nuclear Energy Mission, including a long-term target of 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047 and work on advanced reactor technologies.
Government programmes highlighted support for grassroots innovators and the conversion of local problem-solving ideas into usable technologies.
Researchers reported ancient marine fossils in Tamil Nadu, providing evidence about past marine environments and geological change.
April science-policy programmes continued emphasis on improving women's participation in research, innovation and scientific careers.
Researchers at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences developed a material that changes colour during electrochemical energy-storage processes.
An IIT Madras-led initiative launched a silicon photonics process design kit and programmable photonic integrated-circuit test platform.
A parliamentary committee recommended biotechnology, crop guidance and stronger seed systems to develop water-efficient crop varieties.
NISAR, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar mission, moved toward wider scientific use of its Earth-observation data.
Implementation guidelines for the Rs 1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation Fund were finalised and approved through ANRF structures.
Technology Development Board support was extended to OrbitAID Aerospace for indigenous satellite docking and refuelling technology.
ISRO highlighted structured programmes giving students opportunities to build satellites, conduct experiments and participate in space missions.
Finland's President visited India and the two countries announced cooperation in digitisation, sustainability, statistics, 6G and research.
Government material highlighted AI-enabled learning, teacher support and the need to expand India's AI talent pipeline.
National Science Day 2026 commemorated the Raman Effect with the theme Women in Science: Catalyzing Viksit Bharat, highlighting women's contributions to scientific research.
The India-AI Impact Summit in New Delhi culminated in the New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact, endorsed by countries and international organisations. The declaration focuses on inclusive, trustworthy and development-oriented AI.
DRDO and ISRO completed a qualification-level load test of the Gaganyaan crew-module drogue parachute, demonstrating performance under loads higher than maximum flight loads.
India launched SAHI and BODH at the AI Impact Summit to support safe, evidence-based healthcare AI and privacy-preserving benchmarking of health AI models.
The India-AI Impact Summit included AI for ALL, AI by HER and YUVAi challenges to identify practical AI solutions and widen participation in AI innovation.
The Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave launched the Bodhan AI Centre of Excellence and proposed an open, interoperable Bharat EduAI Stack for AI-enabled learning across school education, higher education and skilling.
ISRO and the Department of Space reported extensive use of satellite systems for crop mapping, yield estimation, flood monitoring, lightning nowcasting and landslide assessment.
The National Centre for River Research reported scientific assessments of river biodiversity and ecological health to support conservation planning and interventions in polluted stretches.
The Research Development and Innovation scheme was highlighted as a major mechanism for funding cutting-edge technology, deep-tech projects and private-sector research and development.
Budget 2026-27 announced Biopharma SHAKTI, a five-year programme intended to strengthen biopharmaceutical manufacturing, research capacity and pharmaceutical education.
MoSPI launched the first pan-India National Household Income Survey, creating a new official source for household income data and analysis of inequality and living standards.
The government notified Census 2027, which will use digital enumeration and include caste enumeration for the first time since 1931. The census is a major example of large-scale data collection and digital public administration.
Budget 2026-27 proposed four telescope infrastructure facilities to be established or upgraded, supporting astronomy and astrophysics research.
Amendments to the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules changed procedures for certain research-related manufacturing and bioavailability or bioequivalence studies. The changes illustrate the balance between regulatory oversight and efficient biomedical research.
January’s statistical reform agenda continued the broader effort to strengthen the quality, coordination and methodological foundations of India’s official statistics. The issue is relevant to research aptitude and data interpretation because official indicators depend on institutional and methodological choices.
ISRO’s PSLV-C62 mission carrying EOS-N1 and co-passenger satellites encountered an anomaly during the PS3 stage. The mission provides a useful case study in launch systems, scientific investigation and technology-risk analysis.
This current affair concerns The 11th India International Science Festival brought together science communication, innovation, research and public engagement, providing a contemporary example of science outreach. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of science communication, research, innovation and public engagement.
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