ICT: General abbreviations and terminology. Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
A PIB backgrounder reported 40 deployed supercomputers with combined capacity of 68 PF and highlighted indigenous hardware, software and scientific applications under the National Supercomputing Mission.
India demonstrated a 5.56 km free-space Quantum Key Distribution link combining quantum communication hardware with post-quantum cryptography.
A national conference discussion highlighted robotics, AI, nanoscience and tele-robotics as emerging tools for precision and geographically distributed healthcare.
CSIR-NEERI’s 85th Foundation Day highlighted environmental research and India’s lunar exploration trajectory from Chandrayaan missions to planned sample-return and polar exploration missions.
A PIB backgrounder reviewed PM E-DRIVE’s role in EV adoption, charging infrastructure and domestic electric-mobility manufacturing.
BHASHINI demonstrated multilingual language-AI applications for governance, citizen services, access to justice and digital communication.
The Union Cabinet approved Green Energy Corridor Phase-III to develop intra-state transmission and battery storage for evacuating 135 GW of renewable power by 2032-33.
World Tourism Day 2026 focused on digital technologies and artificial intelligence reshaping tourism, while India highlighted tourism’s economic and employment contribution.
The Indian Air Force and Japan Air Self-Defence Force concluded Exercise Veer Guardian 2026 at Jodhpur after fourteen days of joint air training.
SEMICON India 2026 unveiled a Semicon 2.0 roadmap covering semiconductor design, manufacturing, advanced packaging, research and talent.
A September PIB backgrounder examined data centres as foundational infrastructure for cloud services and data-intensive applications.
The BRICS New Delhi Declaration identified AI, cybersecurity and quantum technologies as areas for international cooperation.
India hosted the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September 2026 under its 2026 chairship. Leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration covering multilateral reform, development, health security, AI, cybersecurity, quantum technology and environmental cooperation.
Bharat Innovates Exposition 2026 showcased Indian research, innovation and technology in New Delhi alongside the BRICS programme.
RBI invited comments on KYC amendments creating a structured process for temporary debit holds on suspected money-mule transactions or accounts.
The government amended e-commerce consumer rules to address manipulated search results, sponsored listings and dark patterns, with new platform obligations.
DILRMP 3.0 was launched with operational guidelines aimed at modernising land records through digital integration and better service delivery.
A multi-agency agreement was signed to implement the amended BharatNet programme in Jharkhand, expanding rural broadband infrastructure and digital access.
India participated in the first International Space Summit in Paris, with space sustainability and responsible use of the orbital environment highlighted.
India endorsed the Call to Action for 6G Leadership and Security, joining governments supporting open, interoperable, secure and resilient next-generation networks.
The Department of Telecommunications reported that its Financial Fraud Risk Indicator had helped prevent suspected cyber-fraud transactions worth more than ₹5,000 crore.
The seventh Global Fintech Fest in Mumbai brought together financial-technology stakeholders around digital payments, AI, tokenisation and emerging financial infrastructure.
MoSPI held a workshop on harmonising administrative data so information generated by different government systems can be used more reliably for evidence-based governance.
The CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal was restored to facilitate claims by eligible depositors and streamline refund processing.
The Defence Acquisition Council gave in-principle approval to defence acquisition proposals worth about ₹1.10 lakh crore, with around 98% intended from Indian industry.
The Vibrant Villages Programme was highlighted for improving infrastructure, services, connectivity and livelihoods in remote border villages.
ISRO successfully launched EOS-05 aboard GSLV-F17 on 4 September 2026, strengthening India’s Earth-observation capability and space-based applications.
A September PIB backgrounder examined geothermal energy as a potential source of heat and electricity in suitable geological areas.
India and Belgium agreed to deepen cooperation in defence, renewable energy, cybercrime and diplomatic training during the Belgian Prime Minister’s visit.
A September PIB backgrounder highlighted a decentralised grain-storage plan using cooperative institutions.
The 26th SCO Council of Heads of State meeting in Bishkek concluded on 1 September 2026, with India participating in discussions on regional security, connectivity and cooperation.
From 1 September 2026, merchant discount rate provisions began applying to specified UPI person-to-merchant transactions above ₹2,000, with exemptions for selected categories.
All six Semicon 2.0 pillar notifications were issued, while India reported reaching 85,000 semiconductor engineers trained in four years.
India's nuclear power system was reported at 24 reactors across seven sites with 8.78 GW installed capacity, with additional units under construction.
On Independence Day, the government announced a target to train one crore youth in AI skills over one year.
India reiterated a target of 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047 and plans for five new reactors within the decade.
India announced plans for a modern Civil Defence network capable of responding to threats affecting critical infrastructure and civilian systems.
Rules and regulations under the SHANTI Act created an operational framework for licensing, safety, liability and wider participation in nuclear energy.
India notified a framework allowing e-commerce entities to export Indian-origin goods using an inventory-based model.
Government highlighted India's expanding data-centre infrastructure and its importance for digital services, AI and economic activity.
Parliament passed amendments enabling central notification of MSME classification thresholds and requiring CPSE-MSME invoices to be settled through TReDS.
Parliament replaced the 1891 bankers' books law and recognised qualifying electronic and digital bank records as admissible evidence.
A parliamentary review of the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme recommended faster digitisation, online mutation and stronger digital land-record infrastructure.
A parliamentary committee reviewed disaster management and recommended stronger preparedness and institutional coordination.
The DILRMP review recommended nationwide auto-triggered online mutation to reduce manual delays in updating land records.
A parliamentary science committee reviewed CSIR-CSIO and CSIR-IGIB and examined research performance, infrastructure and institutional functioning.
A parliamentary review of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment recommended stronger devolution, Panchayat revenue, staffing and digital Gram Sabha participation.
Defence Ministry approved transfer of DRDO-developed conventional missile technologies to Indian industry for domestic production.
Telecom User Identification Rules 2026 introduced stronger identity verification, biometric safeguards and procedures for suspicious connections.
Defence Ministry notified a sixth Positive Indigenisation List covering 405 items with estimated business potential of Rs 3,070 crore.
A parliamentary committee recommended modernising fertiliser movement controls, digitising procedures and strengthening enforcement.
Cabinet approved the Pradhan Mantri Surya Sarovar Yojana with Rs 5,070 crore to support 5,000 MW of floating solar projects with storage.
The new floating-solar programme targets 5,000 MW and requires co-located storage of at least two hours.
Cabinet set a 5,000 MW target for floating solar photovoltaic projects paired with storage under the new PM-SSY.
Cabinet approved a greatly expanded Khelo India and Assistance to National Sports Federations framework with a combined outlay of Rs 36,441 crore.
More than 20,000 Jan Aushadhi Kendras were operational nationwide by the end of June 2026, expanding access to lower-cost generic medicines.
The MSME amendment proposal changes how enterprise classification thresholds are set and introduces mandatory TReDS settlement for CPSE purchases from MSMEs.
The MSME Bill proposes that CPSEs settle procurement invoices from MSMEs through TReDS, linking public procurement to digital invoice financing.
Cabinet approved Semicon 2.0 with an outlay of Rs 1,27,500 crore to deepen India's semiconductor design and manufacturing ecosystem.
A Rs 62,500 crore scheme was approved to expand domestic mobile-phone manufacturing and encourage Indian brands.
Semicon 2.0 explicitly includes semiconductor education and workforce development alongside design, manufacturing and research.
Semicon 2.0 explicitly links semiconductor research, industrial production and workforce development into one national ecosystem.
Indian Railways announced additional structural reforms under Reform Express to improve freight operations and logistics efficiency.
July policy coverage highlighted growing water-security pressures and the need for integrated monitoring, conservation and climate-resilient water management.
India and Australia expanded cooperation in maritime security, energy security, cyber and critical technologies, skills and research.
India and Indonesia expanded cooperation in outer space, maritime security, telecommunications, disaster management and rare-earth magnet development.
India and Japan adopted an economic-security declaration and agreements covering semiconductors, critical minerals, AI, clean energy, health and research.
India and Japan included AI policy, large-language-model cooperation and internet security in their July summit outcomes.
The 29th National Conference on e-Governance adopted the Jaipur Declaration on e-Governance 2026 and recognised digital public-service initiatives.
The 29th National e-Governance Conference recognised digital-governance initiatives and adopted the Jaipur Declaration.
Rules under the VB-G RAM G Act require wages and unemployment allowance to be transferred directly to beneficiaries' bank or post-office accounts.
Indian astrophysicists reported new findings on the thermal evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and their effects on Earth.
The government reported that the National Quantum Mission had achieved more than half of its targeted outcomes within three years of its 2023 launch.
India's space review highlighted how space-based applications support governance, agriculture, disaster management, healthcare, education and connectivity.
India's G7 intervention on AI stressed human-centric development, safe-by-design systems, common testing frameworks and protection against deepfakes and cyber fraud.
A June science review highlighted growth in India's bioeconomy, weather-observation capacity, space startups and applied research as development enablers.
Bharat Innovates 2026 brought Indian innovators, higher-education institutions and investors together around deep-tech sectors including computing, semiconductors, space and biotechnology.
India highlighted rapid growth of private space activity, including more than 400 startups and new funding mechanisms for innovation and technology adoption.
Science academies from BRICS and partner countries discussed shared computing, open data, multilingual AI and responsible AI for sustainable development.
NESTS signed an MoU to provide AI-enabled teacher support and learning tools across Eklavya Model Residential Schools.
RBI revised responsible-business directions to require explicit customer consent, restrict compulsory bundling and prohibit dark patterns by regulated entities.
National Ambulance Services guidelines proposed a standardised emergency-response framework using GPS, digital dispatch, triage and data-driven deployment.
India notified rules for electronic coal exchanges, creating a formal marketplace framework with regulatory, clearing and risk-management requirements.
India and France adopted a roadmap covering critical technologies, innovation, research and talent mobility, alongside cooperation in AI, digital science and skilling.
India and Seychelles signed agreements covering diplomatic training, digital payments, agriculture research and education, seafarer training, space cooperation and infrastructure finance.
India and Slovakia elevated bilateral relations and signed agreements spanning higher education, research, digital technology and quantum communication.
ANRF and the Ministry of Jal Shakti launched a Rs 200 crore mission to move water-sector research from technology development to field validation and deployment.
India and the United States signed a framework to cooperate on critical-mineral and rare-earth supply chains.
SEBI proposed allowing certain third-party payments in mutual-fund investments with safeguards for identity and auditability.
World Telecommunication and Information Society Day on 17 May highlighted the role of digital connectivity and inclusive information societies.
India, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden held the Third India-Nordic Summit in Oslo.
The Third India-Nordic Summit placed AI, space, innovation, research, climate and environmental cooperation alongside trade and defence.
International Day of Light on 16 May highlighted the role of light science and technology in research, communication and everyday life.
Cabinet approved a Rs 37,500 crore scheme to promote surface coal and lignite gasification.
Vehicle fitness testing rules were amended to require geo-tagged video records and expand the checks performed during fitness certification.
The National Deliberative Summit on Data for Development highlighted integrated platforms, common identifiers and interoperable administrative data.
MeitY notified the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026 to operationalise the 2025 Act and create a formal regulatory system.
A national healthcare summit focused on innovation, digital technologies and more inclusive access to health services.
April policy discussion highlighted India's Nuclear Energy Mission, including a long-term target of 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047 and work on advanced reactor technologies.
India reiterated the National Green Hydrogen Mission's 5 million metric tonne annual production target for 2030.
April current-affairs coverage highlighted India's innovation-system performance and the use of composite indicators to compare countries.
India and Sri Lanka conducted the IN-SLN DIVEX 2026 exercise to strengthen maritime diving and underwater cooperation.
The Delhi-Dehradun Economic Corridor was inaugurated with wildlife-mitigation measures in the forested section near the Rajaji landscape.
TRAI recommended measures to expand public Wi-Fi access and strengthen the PM-WANI ecosystem.
Researchers at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences developed a material that changes colour during electrochemical energy-storage processes.
An IIT Madras-led initiative launched a silicon photonics process design kit and programmable photonic integrated-circuit test platform.
DRDO and the Indian Navy conducted the maiden launch of the Naval Anti-Ship Missile–Short Range from a naval platform.
Samriddh Gram, a BharatNet-linked phygital service-delivery model, was nominated for the WSIS Prizes 2026.
The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 became effective on 1 April, replacing the 2016 rules and introducing mandatory four-stream segregation.
NISAR, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar mission, moved toward wider scientific use of its Earth-observation data.
A parliamentary committee examined cybercrime against women and recommended stronger cyber-forensics, platform accountability and victim support.
SEBI proposed a half-yearly IT Resilience Index for stock exchanges, depositories and clearing corporations.
India reported 129 trackable pieces of space debris originating from Indian missions and outlined measures toward zero debris creation by 2030.
Implementation guidelines for the Rs 1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation Fund were finalised and approved through ANRF structures.
Amended National Highways fee rules establish a digital process for recovering tolls recorded by electronic toll collection systems but not received.
Technology Development Board support was extended to OrbitAID Aerospace for indigenous satellite docking and refuelling technology.
ISRO highlighted structured programmes giving students opportunities to build satellites, conduct experiments and participate in space missions.
PM e-Vidya platforms such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM and SWAYAM Prabha were highlighted for large-scale digital learning delivery.
The draft Bill seeks to give legal recognition to electronic trade documents and digital identity and trust services.
Finland's President visited India and the two countries announced cooperation in digitisation, sustainability, statistics, 6G and research.
RBI proposed a compensation mechanism for specified fraudulent electronic banking transactions up to Rs 50,000.
Government material highlighted AI-enabled learning, teacher support and the need to expand India's AI talent pipeline.
India advanced a national counter-terrorism policy and strategy framework called PRAHAAR, emphasising coordination, intelligence, technology and institutional preparedness.
The India-AI Impact Summit in New Delhi culminated in the New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact, endorsed by countries and international organisations. The declaration focuses on inclusive, trustworthy and development-oriented AI.
India joined Pax Silica during the AI Impact Summit, linking semiconductors, critical minerals, AI systems and digital infrastructure under a strategic technology and supply-chain framework.
DRDO and ISRO completed a qualification-level load test of the Gaganyaan crew-module drogue parachute, demonstrating performance under loads higher than maximum flight loads.
India launched SAHI and BODH at the AI Impact Summit to support safe, evidence-based healthcare AI and privacy-preserving benchmarking of health AI models.
India and France deepened their strategic partnership through cooperation on AI, critical technologies, defence and energy. The engagement shows how technology is becoming part of strategic international relations.
The India-AI Impact Summit included AI for ALL, AI by HER and YUVAi challenges to identify practical AI solutions and widen participation in AI innovation.
The Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave launched the Bodhan AI Centre of Excellence and proposed an open, interoperable Bharat EduAI Stack for AI-enabled learning across school education, higher education and skilling.
ISRO and the Department of Space reported extensive use of satellite systems for crop mapping, yield estimation, flood monitoring, lightning nowcasting and landslide assessment.
India's Network Readiness Index 2025 position highlighted the country's progress in technology, connectivity and digital readiness, providing a composite-index example for Paper 1.
Budget 2026-27 announced India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 to deepen domestic semiconductor capability, including equipment and materials, semiconductor IP and industry-led research and training.
Budget 2026-27 announced a major Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme to strengthen domestic production of components and deepen the electronics value chain.
The government notified Census 2027, which will use digital enumeration and include caste enumeration for the first time since 1931. The census is a major example of large-scale data collection and digital public administration.
Budget 2026-27 proposed tax measures intended to attract global data-centre activity to India, highlighting the economic importance of digital infrastructure.
The President’s Address to Parliament highlighted investment, electronics production, startup growth, infrastructure and social-sector achievements, while also setting out policy priorities. The address provides a snapshot of the government’s development agenda.
The India-EU summit adopted outcomes covering trade, mobility, technology, security, connectivity and global challenges. The broader strategic agenda demonstrates how economic and technological cooperation are increasingly integrated.
The Election Commission launched ECINet, a website and application intended to bring more than 40 existing election-related applications together on one platform. It is an example of integration within a digital public-service ecosystem.
The Election Commission of India hosted the first India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management from 21 to 23 January. The conference adopted the Delhi Declaration and launched ECINet, consolidating multiple election-related digital services.
The government notified new Solid Waste Management Rules in January, with implementation scheduled from April 2026. The rules update the regulatory framework for waste management and strengthen the role of systematic segregation, processing and digital or accountable compliance.
The 18th India-Japan Strategic Dialogue highlighted an AI Dialogue, cooperation on critical minerals and an economic-security initiative. The development connects technology, resource security and international cooperation.
The Ministry of Home Affairs approved an SOP for the Cyber Financial Crime Reporting and Management System under the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal. The procedure includes a faster refund route for certain small-value fraud cases, strengthening technology-enabled financial crime response.
The second rangewide estimation of riverine and estuarine dolphins under Project Dolphin used underwater acoustic methods including hydrophones to capture dolphin clicks. The survey connects biodiversity monitoring with ICT-supported scientific research.
Spain joined the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative in January, while India and Spain marked the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations. The development expands international cooperation around maritime, technology and regional issues.
During the UAE President’s January visit to India, the two countries agreed to deepen trade, defence and energy cooperation and discussed supercomputing, data centres and a possible digital or data embassy. The digital elements are particularly relevant to ICT and data sovereignty.
A powerful solar radiation storm struck Earth on 18–19 January following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection. The event demonstrated how solar activity can affect radio communication, satellites, navigation and power infrastructure.
India unveiled the logo, theme and website for its BRICS Chairship 2026. The stated priorities emphasise resilience, innovation, cooperation and sustainability, linking multilateral cooperation with technology and development.
India and Germany signed multiple agreements during Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s January visit, including cooperation on higher education, critical minerals, semiconductor ecosystems, defence industry and renewable-energy skilling.
ISRO’s PSLV-C62 mission carrying EOS-N1 and co-passenger satellites encountered an anomaly during the PS3 stage. The mission provides a useful case study in launch systems, scientific investigation and technology-risk analysis.
January policy discussion around the Payments Regulatory Board highlighted the institutional need to oversee India’s rapidly expanding digital payments ecosystem. The issue connects ICT with regulation, interoperability, security and consumer-facing payment infrastructure.
A Smart STP Dashboard under the Namami Gange framework illustrates the use of digital monitoring for sewage treatment plant performance and river-cleaning administration. It combines environmental management with data-based governance.
India’s semiconductor policy ecosystem continued to expand through support for domestic chip design, complementing manufacturing-focused semiconductor programmes. The development is relevant to ICT because semiconductor design underpins computing and digital infrastructure, and to development because it targets technological capability and value-chain participation.
The Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme was highlighted in January as part of India’s effort to deepen domestic electronics value chains. The policy is relevant to ICT because components form the physical foundation of digital devices and infrastructure.
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship highlighted the SOAR programme and launched the Skill the Nation Challenge to expand foundational AI learning through the Skill India Digital Hub. The initiative connects AI literacy with future-ready skills and digital learning.
The Land Stack approach highlights the use of interoperable digital systems for land records, property information and revenue administration. It illustrates how ICT can be used to improve access to land-related information and administrative coordination.
The Department of Fertilizers launched an integrated e-Bill system to process fertiliser subsidy claims digitally, covering roughly ₹2 lakh crore in annual subsidy flows. The reform links departmental and public-finance systems and replaces physical bill movement with a traceable electronic workflow.
This current affair concerns December legal discussion around personality rights highlighted the protection of a person’s name, image, voice and identity in the digital environment. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of digital rights, privacy, intellectual property and communication.
This current affair concerns India’s semiconductor programme continued to expand through approved projects intended to strengthen domestic chip manufacturing, packaging and ecosystem capabilities. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of semiconductor technology, industrial policy and digital infrastructure.
This current affair concerns DHRUV64, an indigenous 64-bit microprocessor initiative, was highlighted as part of India’s efforts to build domestic semiconductor and computing capabilities. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of semiconductors, indigenous technology, computing and ICT development.
This current affair concerns Research on GlowCas9 highlighted new possibilities in CRISPR-based genome editing and the use of biotechnology for targeted genetic modification. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of biotechnology, research, genetics and scientific innovation.
This current affair concerns DPIIT invited comments on a working paper examining copyright issues arising from training generative-AI systems and proposed a hybrid licensing and remuneration framework. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of artificial intelligence, copyright, digital governance and knowledge systems.
This current affair concerns The 11th India International Science Festival brought together science communication, innovation, research and public engagement, providing a contemporary example of science outreach. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of science communication, research, innovation and public engagement.
This current affair concerns Draft amendments to the Post Office Act, 2023 proposed a digital addressing framework called DHRUVA to standardise, generate, share and validate digital addresses with user consent. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of digital governance, ICT-enabled public services, privacy and standardisation.
This current affair concerns A Parliamentary committee examined the impact of the WTO Information Technology Agreement on India’s electronics industry and raised concerns about import dependence, assembly-led production and cyber-security risks. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of information technology, international trade, electronics manufacturing and cybersecurity.
This current affair concerns RBI released the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion 2025-30 to deepen access to formal financial services, improve financial literacy and strengthen consumer protection. The development is important for Paper 1 because it provides a concrete contemporary example of financial inclusion, digital finance, literacy and inclusive development.
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